ABSTRACT
Tropaeolum majus L. (Tropaeolaceae) é uma importante planta medicinal conhecida popularmente no Brasil como chaguinha, capuchinha ou nastúrcio. Toda parte aérea da planta tem sido utilizada há séculos pela medicina popular. Suas folhas secas ou em infusão são usadas popularmente para o tratamento de várias doenças, incluindo processos inflamatórios. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o perfil da migração leucocitária em vigência de resposta inflamatória aguda, após um tratamento subcrônico com T. majus. Para isto, ratos Wistar machos foram tratados por cinco dias com três diferentes doses do extrato hidroetanólico (EHTM) obtido de T. majus (75, 150 e 300 mg/kg). Os animais controle receberam volume equivalente de solução salina (5,0 ml/kg) ou indometacina (5,0 mg/kg). Durante este período, os animais receberam 10 ml de ar estéril na cavidade subcutânea (air pouch) em três dias alternados. No quinto dia, uma hora após os tratamentos, a resposta inflamatória foi induzida com a administração de 1 ml de carragenina (solução 1%) na cavidade subcutânea, e 6 horas após, amostras de sangue e do exsudato foram coletadas para a determinação de leucócitos totais e para a realização da contagem diferencial. Os resultados demonstraram que a indometacina reduziu o número de leucócitos totais para o exsudato em aproximadamente 65%. O EHTM nas doses de 75 e 300 mg/kg também reduziram significativamente a migração destas células, com valores estimados em 23 e 40%, respectivamente. Estes resultados indicam uma possível atividade anti-inflamatória do T. majus neste modelo experimental, justificando, pelos menos em parte, o uso popular desta espécie.
Tropaeolum majus L. (Tropaeolaceae) is an important medicinal plant popularly known in Brazil as chaguinha, capuchinha or nasturtium. This species has been used for centuries in popular medicine. Dried leaves are popularly used in infusion for the treatment of various diseases, including inflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to assess the profile of leukocyte migration during an acute inflammatory response after a subchronic treatment with T. majus. For this purpose, male Wistar rats were treated for five days with three different doses of hydroalcoholic extract (HETM) obtained from T. majus (75, 150 and 300 mg/kg). Control animals received equivalent volume of saline solution (5.0 ml/kg) or indomethacin (5.0 mg/kg). During this period, the animals received 10 ml of sterile air in the subcutaneous cavity (air pouch) on three alternate days. On the fifth day, one hour after treatment, the inflammatory response was induced by administration of 1 ml carrageenan solution (1%) in the subcutaneous cavity, and 6 hours after, blood and exudate samples were collected for determination of total and differential leukocytes. The results showed that indomethacin reduced leukocyte migration in the exudates to about 65%. The HETM at doses of 75 and 300 mg/kg also significantly reduced the migration of these cells, with values ??of 23 and 40%, respectively. These results indicate a possible anti-inflammatory activity of T. majus in this experimental model, explaining, at least in part, the popular use of this species.
Subject(s)
Rats , Leukocyte Rolling , InflammationABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the influence of transcranial high-voltage electrical burn (HEB) on rheological changes of leukocytes in mesentery capillary in rats and the therapeutic effects of ulinastatin.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-five SD rats were divided into control (C), electrical burns (EB), and ulinastatin treatment (UT) groups according to the random number table, with 15 rats in each group. Model of HEB was reproduced in rats of EB and UT groups with voltage regulator and experimental transformer, and then rats in EB group was intraperitoneally injected with 2 mL isotonic saline while rats in UT group was intraperitoneally injected with 2 mL ulinastatin (2 x 10(4) U/kg). Rats in C group received sham burn with the same treatment as used in EB group but without electric current. Rheological changes of leukocytes in mesentery capillary were observed with Bradford microscope at 15 minutes before HEB and 5 minutes, 1, 2, 4, 8 hour (s) after HEB (PHM or PHH), including counting the number of rolling leukocytes, leukocytes rolling speed, the number of leukocytes adherent to mesentery capillary, total leukocyte-endothelium contact time (TLECT). Data were processed with t test.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) The number of rolling leukocytes from PHM 5 to PHH 8 was increased in EB group and UT group as compared with that at 15 minutes before HEB, especially at PHM 5 [(51.4 +/- 3.2), (24.6 +/- 1.9) cells/min, respectively] which were higher than that in C group [( 1.1 +/- 0.7) cells/min, with t value respectively 59.28, 44.99, P values all below 0.05]. The number in UT group at each time point after burn was less than those in EB group, especially at PHM 5 (t = 27.97, P < 0.05). (2) Compared with that at 15 minutes before HEB, the rolling speed of leukocytes from PHM 5 to PHH 8 was slow in EB group and UT group, especially at PHM 5 [(90 +/- 9), (175 +/- 13) microm/s, respectively] which were slower than that in C group [(277 +/- 12) microm/s, with t value respectively 47.97, 21.59, P values all below 0.05]. The rolling speed in UT group from PHM 5 to PHH 8 was faster than that in EB group, especially at PHM 5 (t = 20.55, P < 0.05). (3) Compared with that at 15 minutes before HEB, the number of leukocytes per 100 micrometer capillary from PHM 5 to PHH 8 was increased in EB group and UT group, especially at PHM 5 (23.27 +/- 3.20, 5.80 +/- 1.61, respectively) which were higher than that in C group (0, with t value respectively 28.16, 13.95, P values all below 0.05). The number of adhered leukocytes in UT group at each time point after burn was less than that in EB group, especially at PHM 5 ( t = 18.89, P < 0.05). (4) Compared with that at 15 minutes before HEB, TLECT from PHM 5 to PHH 8 was increased in EB group and UT group, especially at PHM 5 [(14.45 +/- 1.99), (3.66 +/- 0.96) s/min, respectively] which were longer than that in C group (0 s/min, with t value respectively 28.12, 14.77, P values all below 0.05). TLECT in UT group from PHM 5 to PHH 8 was shorter than that in EB group, especially at PHM 5 (t = 18.91, P < 0.05). (5) No rolling leukocyte or wall-adherent leukocyte was found in blood flow of arterioles or capillaries of rats in three groups at each time point.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Transcranial HEB can lead to abnormal rheological changes of leukocytes in mesentery capillary in rats, and the changes can be ameliorated by ulinastatin.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Burns, Electric , Capillaries , Glycoproteins , Pharmacology , Leukocyte Rolling , Leukocytes , Mesentery , Microcirculation , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
OBJETIVO: Avaliar se a desnutrição no período neonatal produz prejuízos no recrutamento celular para o pulmão e na atividade oxidante-antioxidante de macrófagos alveolares em ratos adultos endotoxêmicos. MÉTODOS: Ratos machos Wistar (n=48) foram alimentados por mães cuja dieta, durante a lactação, continha 23 por cento de proteína no grupo nutrido e 8 por cento no grupo desnutrido. Após o desmame todos os animais foram recuperados com dieta normoprotéica. Entre 90 e 120 dias, a metade de cada grupo foi submetida à endotoxemia por meio da administração por via intraperitonial (v.i) de lipopolissacarídio na dose de 1mg/kg de peso corporal. Após 24 horas desse procedimento coletou-se o sangue para contagem total e diferencial de leucócitos e para a dosagem de óxido nítrico. Além do sangue coletou-se também o lavado broncoalveolar para contagem total e diferencial de leucócitos e, a partir de macrófagos isolados deste lavado, foram realizadas as dosagens de superóxido, óxido nítrico e superóxido dismutase. RESULTADOS: A desnutrição acarretou um déficit ponderal que persistiu até a idade adulta, além disso, reduziu a contagem total de leucócitos sangüíneos e o número de neutrófilos após o estímulo com lipopolissacarídio. A atividade oxidante-antioxidante foi alterada havendo diminuição da produção de superóxido, óxido nítrico e superóxido dismutase antes e após a indução da endotoxemia. CONCLUSÃO: Esses resultados sugerem que a desnutrição neonatal, mesmo após a recuperação nutricional, compromete o recrutamento celular para o pulmão e a atividade oxidante-antioxidante dos macrófagos alveolares em ratos adultos. A endotoxemia contribui para evidenciar essas seqüelas da resposta do hospedeiro frente a este modelo de desnutrição.
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to assess if neonatal malnutrition impairs cell recruitment to the lungs and the oxidant-antioxidant activity of alveolar macrophages in adult endotoxemic rats. METHODS: Male Wistar rats (n=48) were divided into two groups and suckled by dams fed experimental diets containing a normal protein content of 23 percent (nourished group) and a low protein content of 8 percent (undernourished group) during lactation. After weaning, all animals received a normal protein diet. Between 90 and 120 days, half of each group was submitted to endotoxemia by intraperitoneal administration of 1mg/kg of body weight of lipopolysaccharide. Blood was collected 24 hours after this procedure for total and differential leukocyte count and measurement of nitric oxide. Bronchoalveolar lavage was also done to determine total and differential leukocyte count and measure superoxide, nitric oxide and superoxide dismutase in the macrophages isolated from this lavage. RESULTS: Malnourished animals remained underweight until adulthood. Furthermore, the following also decreased: total blood leukocyte count, number of neutrophils after lipopolysaccharide administration and production of superoxide, nitric oxide and superoxide dismutase before and after induced endotoxemia. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that neonatal malnutrition, even after nutritional recovery, compromises cell recruitment to lungs and the oxidant-antioxidant activity of alveolar macrophages of adult rats. Endotoxemia contributes to evidence these sequelae to the host response before this model of malnutrition.
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Malnutrition/chemically induced , Endotoxemia/chemically induced , Macrophages, Alveolar , Leukocyte Rolling , Rats, Wistar/blood , Superoxides/analysisABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Human seminal plasma (HSP)-induced hypersensitivity is one of the serious complications with sexual intercourse. The clinical manifestations of HSP-induced hypersensitivity may be related to the release of vasoactive mediators from mast cell induced by HSP. It has recently been reported that HSP modulates immune systems and induces mast cell degranulation and histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells (RPMC). Ketotifen and disodium cromoglycate (DSCG), anti-asthmatic and anti-allergic drugs, have a role of mast cell stabilization and inhibit mast cell-induced leukocyte rolling and adhesion. But the inhibitory agents of HSP-induced mast cell activation are unknown. This study was performed to investigate the effects of DSCG and ketotifen on the HSP-induced mast cell activation. METHODS: For this, influences of DSCG and ketotifen on the human seminal plasma-induced degranulation, histamine release and morphological changes of RPMC were observed. RESULTS: The mast cell degranulation and histamine release of RPMC by HSP were induced in a dose-dependent fashion. The HSP-induced cytomorphological changes such as swelling, intracellular vacoules, and interrupted cell boundary were significantly inhibited by pretreatment with DSCG or ketotifen. DSCG and Ketotifen inhibited the HSP-induced degranulation and histamine release from RPMC. CONCLUSION: From the above results, it is suggested that DSCG and ketotifen have a inhibitory effect of the HSP-induced mast cell activation. DSCG and ketotifen may be used for treatment of HSP-induced hypersensitivity.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Rats , Coitus , Cromolyn Sodium , Histamine , Histamine Release , Hypersensitivity , Immune System , Ketotifen , Leukocyte Rolling , Mast Cells , SemenABSTRACT
Ratos são comumente usados em modelos de anafilaxia, principalmente em anafilaxia intestinal. Os mecanismos de hipersensibilidade são complexos e não estão completamente esclarecidos. Os objetivos deste estudo foram: a) investigar o efeito pró-inflamatório da ovalbumina no modelo de edema de pata em ratos sensibilizados; b) identificar os mediadores envolvidos nesta imuno-inflamação e, c) investigar o envolvimento de células do sistema imune intestinal e seus mediadores na fisiopatologia da hipersensibilidade intestinal induzida por ovalbumina (ova.). O edema de pata induzido por ova e sua modulação farmacológica foi estudada. Ratos Wistar previamente sensibilizados (14 a 18 dias) com ova (30mg, i.p.) ou pseudo-sensibilizados com hidróxido de alumínio (controle). Os volumes das patas foram mensurados antes dos estímulos antigênicos e 1, 2, 3 e 4 horas após a injeção intraplantar de ova (10 μg/pata). O pré-tratamento s.c. com dexametasona, difenidramina, ciproheptadina, clorpromazina, ou metisergida inibiram significativamente (p < 0,05) o edema de pata. NDGAm, indometacina, MK-886, WEB 2086, cetotifeno e meclizina não inibiram este edema. A talidomida e pentoxifilina foram ineficazes no controle do edema induzido por ovalbumina...
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Cell Culture Techniques , Eosinophil Cationic Protein , Inflammation , Inflammation Mediators , Intestinal Mucosa , Leukocyte Rolling , OvalbuminABSTRACT
Through the optimised research by simplex method, authors have found the optimal conditions of ANAE cytichemistry reaction such as the temperature of 37oC, pH=7.98, the time of 1 hour; especially with this method we can reduce the substance by 7-8 times compared other one